An Enhanced Expectation Maximization Text Document Clustering Algorithm for E-Content Analysis

Nowadays, there are many types of digital materials that can be used in the classroom. Students and scholars are migrating from textbooks to digital study materials because textbooks are too large and expensive. Teachers and college students can use and modify the materials that are freely available or with some constraints for their learning and teaching. E-content can be designed, evolved, utilized, re-used, and distributed electronically from anywhere at anytime. Because of the flexibility of time, place, and speed of learning, e-content is becoming extremely popular. It can be readily and instantly shared and communicated with an infinite number of clients all across the globe. Document clustering is most commonly used to group documents that are related to a specific topic. Text document clustering can be used to group a collection of documents regarding the information they include and to deliver search results when a user searches the internet. In this paper mainly focuses on text document clustering to cope with massive collection of E-Content documents. Enhanced Expectation Maximization Text Document Clustering (EEMTDC) clustering algorithm was proposed and compared with Expectation Maximization (EM) clustering, K-Means clustering, and Hierarchical clustering (HC) algorithms. The experiment shows that the performance of proposed EEMTDC algorithm produces greater clustering accuracy than existing clustering algorithms

On Contra gy-Continuous Functions

In this paper, we investigate further properties of the notion of contra gy-continuous functions which was introduced in [4]. We obtain some separation axioms of contra gy-continuous functions and discuss the relationships between contra gy-continuity and other related functions

Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum

Ocimum basilicum leaf extracts of were investigated for phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity. Tests for tannins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were positive in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extract of O. basilicum had a DPPH scavenging activity of 85.2% at 250μg/ml and a reductive potential of 0.79 at 100 μg/ml. These values were comparable with those of gallic acid, 91.1% at 250 μg/ml and ascorbic acid, 0.76 at 60 μg/ml as standards for DPPH scavenging activity and reductive potential, respectively. These findings suggest that the rich phytochemical content of O. basilicum and its good antioxidant activity may be responsible for its popular and wide traditional use

A novel androgen receptor mutation resulting in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and bilateral Leydig cell hyperplasia

Androgens drive male secondary sexual differentiation and maturation. Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene cause a broad spectrum of abnormal phenotypes in humans, ranging from mild through partial to complete androgen insensitivity. We have analyzed the AR gene by using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and direct sequencing and have studied gonads histologically in a familial case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Sequence analysis of the AR gene showed a novel C2578T missense mutation, resulting in the replacement of a highly conserved leucine residue with phenylalanine (L859F) in ligand-binding domain of the receptor. The residue L859, located in helix 10 of the androgen receptor, plays a significant role in overall architecture of ligand-binding pocket. The mutation was absent from the father, normal brother of the patients, and 100 normal males recruited in this study as controls. The inheritance of the mutation in the family clearly shows that C2578T is the underlying mutation for the eventual phenotype in the patients. Histology of patient's gonads showed Leydig cell hyperplasia, with a few or no spermatogonium. It is thought that AR gene mutations result in hormonal imbalance, resulting in the high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and ultimately Leydig cell hyperplasia or tumor formation. In the present study, we have reported a rare familial case of Leydig cell hyperplasia despite consistently normal LH levels. The finding will help in giving counseling to this family and prevent the transmission of the mutated X chromosome to the coming generations

Analysis of harmonics using wavelet technique

This paper develops an approach based on wavelet technique for the estimation of harmonic presents in power system signals. The proposed technique divides the power system signals into different frequency sub-bands corresponding to the odd harmonic components of the signal. The algorithm helps to determine both the time and frequency information from the harmonic frequency bands. The comparative study will be done with the input and the results attained from the wavelet transform (WT) for different conditions and Simulation results are given

Ossicular pathology in chronic suppurative otitis media

In developing countries, chronic suppurative otitis media accounted for 60 to 80% of middle ear disease. Chronic suppurative otitis media is a disease affecting especially people with poor health, hygiene, and nutrition throughout the world. If improperly treated in childhood, chronic suppurative otitis media in children will often continue into adulthood. Up to one-third of the population in developing countries has their quality of life affected by CSOM and its precursors. In children in developing countries chronic suppurative otitis media is the most common cause of hearing impairment. Chronic suppurative otitis media of unsafe type, by its most common complication can produce hearing disability. The hearing defect usually occurs due to ossicular interruption, and not frequently by fixation. The challenge of hearing improvement depends on proper ossicular reconstruction and its long term stability. In the past very many type of biomaterials were used for ossicular reconstruction. The end result of biomaterials regarding stability of hearing is inferior to that of auto or homograft Ossiles. So there is immense demand for auto and homograft ossicle to have ossicular bank. In this prospective study the frequency of ossicular defects and histopathology were analysed. The long process of the incus is the most commonly eroded part of an ossicle in unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media, followed by handle and head of malleus. Bone absorption is the most frequent pathological change and is usually observed where the granulation, inflammatory or connective tissue with fibroblast is adjacent to the ossicle. The high incidence of bone changes seen in the ossicles in unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media suggests that their retention during mastoid surgery may not be as beneficial in producing the long term results

c.620C>T mutation in GATA4 is associated with congenital heart disease in South India

Background: Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) usually refer to abnormalities in the structure and/or function of the heart that arise before birth. GATA4 plays an important role in embryonic heart development, hence the aim of this study was to find the association of GATA4 mutations with CHD among the south Indian CHD patients. Method: GATA4 gene was sequenced in 100 CHD patients (ASD, VSD, TOF and SV) and 200 controls. Functional significance of the observed GATA4 mutations was analyzed using PolyPhen, SIFT, PMut, Plink, Haploview, ESE finder 3.0 and CONSITE. Results: We observed a total of 19 mutations, of which, one was in 5′ UTR, 10 in intronic regions, 3 in coding regions and 5 in 3′ UTR. Of the above mutations, one was associated with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), two were found to be associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and three (rs804280, rs4841587 and rs4841588) were strongly associated with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Interestingly, one promoter mutation (−490 to 100 bp) i.e., 620 C>T (rs61277615, p-value = 0.008514), one splice junction mutation (G>A rs73203482; p-value = 9.6e-3, OR = 6.508) and one intronic mutation rs4841587 (p-value = 4.6e-3, OR = 4.758) were the most significant findings of this study. In silico analysis also proves that some of the mutations reported above are pathogenic. Conclusion: The present study found that GATA4 genetic variations are associated with ASD, TOF and VSD in South Indian patients. In silico analysis provides further evidence that some of the observed mutations are pathogenic

Phylogeography and origin of Indian domestic goats

The Indian subcontinent contains 20 well-characterized goat breeds, which vary in their genetic potential for the production of milk, meat, and fibre; disease resistance; heat tolerance; and fecundity. Indian goats make up 20% of the world's goat population, but there has been no extensive study of these economically important animals. Therefore, we have undertaken the present investigation of 363 goats belonging to 10 different breeds from different geographic regions of India using mtDNA sequence data from the HVRI region. We find evidence for population structure and novel lineages in Indian goats and cannot reconcile the genetic diversity found within the major lineage with domestication starting 10,000 years ago from a single mtDNA ancestor. Thus, we propose a more complex origin for domestic goats